{
  "id": "program-aided-language-models",
  "code": "PTL-0045",
  "term": "Program-Aided Language Models",
  "aliases": [
    "PAL"
  ],
  "category": "reasoning",
  "definition": "Program-aided language models (PAL) have the model write a program, typically Python, that expresses its reasoning, and then delegate the actual computation to an interpreter.",
  "description": "Offloading arithmetic and logic to code removes calculation errors from the model's output, and PAL outperformed much larger chain-of-thought models on math word problems.",
  "example": null,
  "broader": [],
  "narrower": [],
  "related": [
    "program-of-thoughts",
    "chain-of-thought",
    "function-calling"
  ],
  "introduced": 2022,
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "PAL: Program-aided Language Models",
      "authors": "Gao et al.",
      "year": 2022,
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.10435"
    }
  ],
  "url": "https://protologue.com/t/program-aided-language-models/",
  "citation": "Protologue. (2026). Program-Aided Language Models. In Protologue: A Taxonomy of Prompting and LLM Techniques (v1.0.0, PTL-0045). https://protologue.com/t/program-aided-language-models/"
}